Arlen wrote “Last Night When We Were Young” (1935) with “Yip” Harburg, the tip of their iceberg, so to speak, because in 1939 they scored The Wizard of Oz. “Over the Rainbow” won the Oscar and became Judy Garland’s signature tune. But Arlen’s talent for creating complex melodic and rhythmic structures made other songs from the film popular with jazz musicians--“Ding-Dong! The Witch Is Dead” and “If I Only Had a Brain.” The pair’s “Happiness is Just a Thing Called Joe” from Cabin in the Sky was nominated for a 1942 Oscar.

Arlen’s collaboration with Johnny Mercer turned out equally dazzling songs: “Blues in the Night” (1941), “That Old Black Magic” (1942), “My Shining Hour” (1943), “One For My Baby” (1943), “Ac-Cent-Tchu-Ate the Positive” (1944), “Out Of This World” (1945) and “Any Place I Hang My Hat Is Home” and “Come Rain or Come Shine” (1946).

From 1948 on, Arlen collaborated with several lyricists, writing “The Man That Got Away” with Ira Gershwin for the Judy Garland film, A Star Is Born (1954) and returning to Broadway in 1954 to work with Truman Capote on a show which produced “A Sleepin’ Bee” and “Two Ladies in de Shade of de Banana Tree.”

Arlen’s Blues Opera Suite was performed by Andre Kostelanetz at Carnegie Hall in 1957, and he continued to work until his wife’s death in 1970 when he withdrew from public life.

- Sandra Burlingame